Phepelo ea motlakase ea PUMBAA bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase PPS550

Kopanyo ea motlakase e kopantsoeng haholo

Moralo oa sehlopha sa likoloi, o lumellana le ASIL

Tšehetsa V2L, V2G, V2V le litlhoko tse ling tsa libaka tse ngata

Moralo o monyane le o bobebe, ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea tekheniki le katleho e phahameng

Mokhoa oa ho pholisa o pholisitsoeng ka metsi, ho qhala mocheso ka potlako, ho thibela lerōle le lerata le tlaase

Mesebetsi e mengata ea tšireletso e kang EMC, khanyetso ea motlakase, ho kenya mocheso, ho thothomela le tšireletso ea motlakase

Kabo le taolo ea lisebelisoa tse nang le motlakase o phahameng tsa koloi eohle ka yuniti eohle ea taolo ea koloi ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea polokeho ea sistimi ka 'ngoe

● Tlhophiso e matla ea lisebelisoa
Likarolo tse ka sehloohong li amohela likarolo tsa likoloi ho ntlafatsa ts'epo ea sehlahisoa;

● Ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle
Bokgoni ba molaoli bo ka fihla ho 98%, matla a mangata, lits'ebetso li tenyetseha haholoanyane;

● Moralo o tšepahalang oa tšireletso
Boemo ba tšireletso ka kakaretso bo holimo 'me mocheso o sebetsang o pharaletse, kahoo e ka ikamahanya hamolemo le mefuta eohle ea tikoloho e thata ea ts'ebeliso.

Selelekela: Ha o hokela koloi ea motlakase (EV) ka har'a qubu ea ho tjhaja, motlakase o fetohang joang hore e be motlakase o tobileng (DC) o hlokoang ke betri? "Mohale ea sa binoang" ea ka morao ho ts'ebetso ena ea bohlokoa ea phetoho ke EV On-Board Charger (OBC). Jwalo ka "borokho" bo hokahanyang meralo ea motheo ea ho tjhaja ea kantle le betri, ts'ebetso ea OBC e khetholla ka kotloloho katleho ea ho tjhaja, polokeho ea ho khanna, le sebaka. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa ka botlalo liphiri tsa tekheniki tsa "setsi sena sa ho tjhaja" ka ho hlahloba tlhaloso ea sona, mesebetsi, melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso le mekhoa ea theknoloji.

I. Tlhaloso ea OBC: "Mofetoleli ea Tjhajang" oa EV

OBC (On-Board Charger), ha e le hantle "charger on-board," ke karolo ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ea motlakase ea EV e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho fetolela AC ho DC. Ha e le hantle, ke "converter ea motlakase e inehetseng" e sebetsanang le tlhahiso ea AC (mohlala, litjhaja tsa lapeng tsa 220V kapa litjhaja tsa khoebo tse potlakileng tsa 380V) ka ho tjhaja liqubu ho DC e nang le motlakase o phahameng (mohlala, 400V/800V) e hlokoang ke betri ka ho lokisa, ho sefa le phetoho ea motlakase. E boetse e fetola liparamente tsa ho tjhaja ka matla ho latela maemo a betri (mohlala, Boemo ba Tefiso (SOC), mocheso) ho netefatsa ho tjhaja ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o sebetsang hantle.

Ka mantsoe a bonolo, OBC e sebetsa joaloka "mofetoleli":

​·Tlhahiso: AC ho tsoa liqubung tsa ho tjhaja tsa kantle;

·Ts'ebetso ea I: E fetolela AC ho DC ea motlakase o phahameng ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa motlakase;

·IOutput: DC e tsitsitseng e etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa betri tsa ho tjhaja, e nolofalletsang "ho tjhaja ka nepo."

(Ho tjhaja ha AC)

II. Mesebetsi ea Bohlokoa ea OBC: Litšireletso tse Pedi bakeng sa Bokgoni ba ho Tjhaja le Polokeho

Mesebetsi ea OBC e ka akaretsoa e le "bokhoni bo tharo ba mantlha + litsamaiso tse peli tse tšehetsang," tse akaretsang ts'ebetso eohle ea ho tjhaja ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong (sheba Sets'oants'o sa 1).

2.1 Mosebetsi 1: Phetoho ea Matla—"Phetolelo e Nepahetseng" ho tloha ho AC ho ea ho DC

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa OBC ke ho fetolela AC ho DC, ho kenyelletsa mehato e meraro: ho lokisa → ho sefa → phetoho ea motlakase.

·Tlhophiso ea IRectification: E fetolela AC (mohlala, 220V/50Hz) ho ba DC e pulsating (e nang le li-harmonics tse kholo) ho sebelisoa borokho ba diode rectifier.

·IFiltering: E ​​tlosa diharmoniki ka di-inductor (L) le di-capacitor (C) ho hlahisa DC e boreleli (ripple ≤5%).

·Phetoho ea Voltage: E fetola motlakase ka sesebelisoa sa ho fetola DC-DC (mohlala, topology ea resonant ea LLC) ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa ho tjhaja tsa lisele tsa betri ka bomong (mohlala, 4.2V/sele).

Lintlha tsa Tekheniki: Nka mohlala oa Tesla Model 3's OBC. Ha e sebelisa SiC MOSFET + LLC resonant topology, e fetola 380V AC ho 400V DC ka katleho ea phetoho ea ho fihlela ho 97% (ha e bapisoa le 85%-90% bakeng sa litharollo tsa IGBT tse thehiloeng ho silicon).

2.2 Mosebetsi oa 2: Taolo ea ho tjhaja—"Motsamaisi ea Bohlale" bakeng sa Phetoho e Fetohang

OBC e fetola motlakase le motlakase ka matla ho latela maemo a betri (SOC, mocheso) le litlhoko tsa mosebelisi (ho tjhaja ka potlako/butle) ho thibela ho tjhaja ho feta tekano, ho chesa haholo, kapa ho tjhaja ka tlase ho tekanyo. Mokhoa oa eona oa taolo o kenyelletsa:

Ho tjhaja ha motlakase o sa fetoheng (CC): Ha motlakase o le tlase (

Ho tjhaja Voltage e sa Feleng (CV): Ha SOC e ntse e atamela ho tlala (>80%), motlakase o a fokotseha (mohlala, 20A) ho boloka motlakase o sa fetoheng (mohlala, 4.2V/sele).

​Puseletso ea Mocheso: Motlakase oa ho tjhaja o fokotsoa mochesong o phahameng (>45°C) ho qoba ho baleha ha mocheso; mochesong o tlase (

2.3 Mosebetsi 3: Tšireletso ea Polokeho—"Mohlokomeli" oa Ts'ebetso ea ho Tjhaja

OBC e hlomelitsoe ka mekhoa e mengata ea tšireletso ho netefatsa polokeho:

·Tshireletso ea IOvervoltage/Undervoltage: E fokotsa tlhahiso ka bohona haeba motlakase oa ho kenya o feta 480V (ho tjhaja ka potlako khoebong) kapa o theohela ka tlase ho 90V (litjhaja tsa lapeng).

Tšireletso ea hona joale e fetang tekanyo: E qala fuse (e sebetsang ka potlako ea 1500A) haeba hona joale ea ho tjhaja e feta boleng bo lekantsoeng (mohlala, 200A).

Tšireletso ea Potoloho e Khutšoanyane: E tima motlakase ka hare ho 1ms haeba potoloho e khutšoanyane ea tlhahiso e fumanoa (ho phahama ha hona joale ka makhetlo a 10).

Tlhokomelo ea Insulation: Ho hlahloba khafetsa khanyetso ea insulation ea potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng (e tlameha ho ba ≥100MΩ) ho thibela likotsi tsa ho lutla.

(DC tjhaja)

III. Molao-motheo oa Ts'ebetso oa OBC: Phetoho ea Mehato e Mene ho tloha ho AC ho ea ho DC

Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa OBC o ka nolofatsoa hore e be ts'ebetso e koetsoeng: ​Input → Tokiso → Ho Sefa → Phetoho ea Voltage → Output.

3.1 Keno: Ho amohela AC ea Kantle

OBC e hokela ho di-pile tsa ho tjhaja ka di-interface tsa ho tjhaja (mohlala, CCS, GB/T) ho amohela AC. Motlakase le maqhubu di fapana ho ya ka sebaka (mohlala, 220V/50Hz bakeng sa matlo a Machaena, 230V/50Hz bakeng sa matlo a Yuropa, 380V/50Hz bakeng sa ditjhaja tse potlakileng tsa kgwebo).

3.2 Tokiso: Ho Fetolela AC ho Pulsating DC

Borokho ba diode rectifier (mohlala, rectifier ea borokho bo felletseng ea mekhahlelo e meraro) bo fetola AC ho pulsating DC (ka maqhubu a sa tloaelehang le li-harmonics tsa bohlokoa). Mohlala, 380V AC ea mekhahlelo e meraro e fetoha ~513V pulsating DC kamora ho lokisoa (V_DC = 1.35 × line voltage).

3.3 Ho sefa: Ho tlosa li-harmoniki bakeng sa Smooth DC

Sefe ea LC (inductor + capacitor) e tlosa li-harmonics tsa maqhubu a phahameng (mohlala, 10kHz–1MHz) ho tsoa ho pulsating DC, e ntša DC e boreleli ka maqhubu a ≤5% (mohlala, 510V).

3.4 Phetoho ea Voltage: Ho Fetola Voltage ho Tsamaisa Litlhoko tsa Battery

Sesebelisoa sa ho fetolela sa DC-DC (mohlala, topology ea resonant ea LLC, topology ea phase-shifted full-bridge) se phahamisa DC e boreleli ho ea holimo kapa tlase ho ea ho voltage e hlokahalang ea betri (mohlala, 400V/800V). Mohlala:

·Tesla Model 3's OBC e theola 510V DC ho 400V ho tjhaja sistimi ya yona ya betri ya 400V.

·OBC ea Porsche Taycan e tšehetsa motlakase o phahameng oa 800V, e tjhaja betri ea eona ea 800V ka kotloloho.

3.5 Tlhahiso: Phepelo ea Motlakase e Tsitsitseng e nang le Phetoho e Matla

DC ea ho qetela e fetisetsoa betring ka bese e nang le motlakase o phahameng. Ho sa le joalo, OBC e lula e lekola boemo ba betri ka Sistimi ea Tsamaiso ea Batri (BMS) 'me e fetola motlakase o hlahisoang ka matla (mohlala, 100A nakong ea ho tjhaja ka potlako, 20A nakong ea ho tjhaja butle).

(Seteishene sa ho tjhaja koloi ya motlakase/seteishene sa ho tjhaja koloi ya motlakase)

IV. Phetoho ea Theknoloji ea OBC: Ho tloha Phetohong ea "Ho se Sebetse" ho ea ho Phetohelo ea "Ho Tjhaja ka Potlako e Phahameng"

Li-OBC tsa pele, tse lekanyetsoang ke lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho silicon (mohlala, li-IGBT), li ne li e-na le bokhoni ba 85%-90% feela 'me li ne li sa tšehetse ho tjhaja ka potlako (matla ≤7.2kW). Ka ho amoheloa ha lisebelisoa tsa sekheo se seholo (mohlala, li-SiC MOSFET) le li-topology tse phahameng, ts'ebetso ea OBC e fihletse "lintlafatso tse potlakileng":

4.1 Ntlafatso ea Bokgoni: Ho tloha ho 85% ho isa ho Holimo ho 97%

Li-MOSFET tsa SiC li na le tahlehelo ea ho tsamaisa motlakase e tlase ka 50% le maqhubu a ho fetola a phahameng (ho fihlela ho 100kHz) ho feta li-IGBT tsa silicon, e leng se sutumelletsang katleho ea OBC ho feta 97% (mohlala, OBC ea Tesla Model 3 e fihlella katleho ea 97.5%).

4.2 Ntlafatso ea Matla: Ho tloha ho 7.2kW ho ea ho feta 350kW+

Li-topologi tsa maqhubu a phahameng (mohlala, resonance ea LLC) li fokotsa boholo ba likarolo tsa makenete, li nolofalletsa matla a phahameng. Mehlala e kenyelletsa: [Mehlala e itseng e siiloe bakeng sa khutsufatso]

4.3 Bophahamo le Ntlafatso ea Litšenyehelo: Moralo o Kopantsoeng

Ka "kopanyo ea boemo ba chip" (mohlala, ho kopanya OBC le li-converter tsa DC-DC ho mojule o le mong), bophahamo ba OBC bo fokotsoa ka 30% mme litšenyehelo lia fokotseha ka 20% (mohlala, OBC ea BYD Han EV e nka 0.05m³ feela).

(Boemo ba ho sebetsa ha tjhaja ka hara boto)

V. Mekhoa ea Nakong e Tlang: "Bohlale" le "Kopanyo" ea OBC

Ha di-EV di ntse di fetoha "di-terminal tsa ho tsamaya tse bohlale," mesebetsi le tshebetso ya OBC di tla tswela pele ho ntlafala. Mekhoa e meraro ya bohlokwa e lokelang ho elwa hloko:

(Foreimi ea tjhaja e ka hare ho Boto)

VI: Kopanyo: "Multi-Domain Fusion" Moralo o Kopaneng

6.1 Li-OBC tsa setso ke likarolo tse ikemetseng (li ngata ebile li bitsa chelete e ngata). Li-OBC tsa nakong e tlang li tla fihlella kopanyo ka:

·Kopanyo ea OBC + DC-DC: Ho kopanya tjhaja e ka hare ho sekepe le sesebelisoa sa ho fetola DC-DC ho ba mojule o le mong (mohlala, mojule oa ho tjhaja oa Tesla Model 3 oa "tse peli ho e 'ngoe"), ho fokotsa bophahamo ba modumo ka 30% le litšenyehelo ka 20%.

Ho Kopanya OBC + BMS: Ho kenya tlhokomelo ea boemo ba betri (mohlala, SOC, mocheso) ho fokotsa nako ea puisano le BMS (ho tloha ho 100ms ho isa ho 10ms).

6.2 Bokgoni bo Phahameng: Ho Tumme ha Li-platform tsa 800V High-Voltage le Disebediswa tse nang le Bandgap e Pharaletseng

Li-platform tsa 800V tse nang le motlakase o phahameng (mohlala, Porsche Taycan, XPeng G9) li tla ba tse tloaelehileng, tse hlokang hore li-OBC li tšehetse motlakase o phahameng (800V–1000V). Ho sa le joalo, lisebelisoa tsa sekheo se seholo (SiC/GaN) li tla sutumelletsa bokhoni ho feta 98% (mohlala, Huawei DriveONE OBC e fihlella bokhoni bo phahameng ba 98.5%).

6.3 Bohlale: Phetoho e Kopanetsoeng ka ho Khanna ka Boikemelo

Li-OBC li tla hokahana ka botebo le Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) ho nolofalletsa "ho tjhaja esale pele":

·Tlhahiso-pele ea Boemo ba Tsela: Ho sebelisa data ea ho tsamaea ea ADS (mohlala, tjhaja e potlakileng e ka pele ho 3km) ho futhumatsa betri esale pele (ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho tjhaja).

Ho Kopanya Moroalo: Ho fetola matla a ho tjhaja ka matla ho latela ditlhoko tsa ho kganna ka boikemelo (mohlala, ho fokotsa motlakase ka nakoana ho beha matla a enjene pele nakong ya ho feta motlakase).

Lintlafatso tsa OTA: Ho ntlafatsa li-algorithms tsa taolo ea OBC ka leru (mohlala, ho ntlafatsa maano a ho tjhaja ka potlako) ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso khafetsa.

Qetello

EV OBC ke "setsi sa mantlha" se hokahanyang ho tjhaja kantle le betri. Dikatleho tsa yona tsa theknoloji di khetholla ka ho toba bokgoni ba ho tjhaja, polokeho ya ho kganna, le sebaka seo e leng ho sona. Ho tloha ho "di-converter tsa pele tse sa sebetseng hantle" ho ya ho "di-terminal tse bohlale tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako haholo" tsa kajeno, phetoho ya OBC ha e a potlakisa feela ho amohelwa ha EV empa hape e fetohile sesebediswa sa bohlokwa sa tshebediso e bolokang matla tlasa dipheo tsa "khabone e habeli".

Nakong e tlang, ka kopanyo e tebileng ea kopanyo, bokgabane bo phahameng, le mahlale a bohlale, OBC e tla notlolla bokhoni ba li-EV, e leng se etsang hore "ho tjhaja ka potlako joaloka ho tlatsa mafura" e be ntho ea sebele.